For James, perfection is not just concerned with outward actions, but with the inward condition of the person. Overemphasis on the observable actions alone leads to a legalism, in which one’s spirituality is judged solely by what one does. Equally, an overemphasis on invisible, inward conditions can lead to self-absorption and a failure to appreciate that actions exhibit who one is. Wisdom is an important genre in ancient Jewish literature. Many interpreters